PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL & ANTIOXIDANT CHARACTERIZATION OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L. IN CONTAMINATED SOIL AND GARDEN SOIL

Muskan  Bano; Smit Bhavsar; Nainesh Modi

doi:10.47413/qmfzxn92

Authors

Muskan Bano School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad -380 009
Smit Bhavsar School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad -380 009
Nainesh Modi Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47413/qmfzxn92

Abstract

The poisonous plant Cascabela thevetia L., also known as Thevetia peruviana, is native to Mexico and Central America and is commonly grown as an ornamental plant. Around the world, T. peruviana frequently causes toxicological emergencies in tropical and subtropical regions use its huge seed, which resembles a "Chinese lucky nut," is encased in a deep red-black fruit. In India, its ability to withstand drought and high temperatures, it can be found in many Indian states with semi-arid climates, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Assam. In India, its bright yellow blossoms are worshipped by Hindu followers for religious purposes. The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenol, tannin and flavonoid content in leaf, stem parts of Cascabela thevetia L. in methanol and distilled water extract by spectrophotometric method. Saponin, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside alkaloid and phenolic chemicals were detected by phytochemical analysis, using standard gallic acid, tannic acid and Quercetin as the marker point’s, the total phenol, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid content of the plant in various extracts was determined. The high concentration of phenol was found in methanolic stem extract collected from Fresh garden site, and Pirana dump site was (4.79±0.485) mg/GAE and (4.73±0.468) mg/GAE sample. The presence of such metabolites indicates therapeutic importance of plant. The anti-oxidant assay such as DPPH determines the reducing agent which is present in plant. The conservation and appropriate use of soil and water are two essential resources and life-sustaining elements for plant growth. Numerous physiochemical characteristics, such as pH, TDS test, Dissolved oxygen test, total hardness and calcium hardness of soil and water, affect how well plants absorb it.

References

1. Angulo-Bejarano, P. I., Puente-Rivera, J., & Cruz-Ortega, R. (2021). Metal and metalloid toxicity in plants: An overview on molecular aspects. Plants, 10(4), 635.

2. Atteh, J. O., Ibiyemi, S. A., & Ojo, A. O. (1995). Response of broilers to dietary levels of Thevetia cake. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 125(2), 307-310.

3. Balandrin, B., Mert, T., & Tansel, H. (2006). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Caratonia siliqua L. extracts. Turk. J. Biol, 26, 197-200.

4. Basumatary, B., Nath, B., Kalita, P., Das, B., & Basumatary, S. (2020). Yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) seed as a potential bioresource for industrial applications. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 17(7), 855-871.

5. Bhoyar, S. (2021). Physicochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of cascabela thevetia (l) lippold seeds. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(6), 905-912.

6. Dixit, A. N. U. P. M. A., Singh, H. E. M. L. A. T. A., Sharma, R. A., & Sharma, A. R. C. H. A. N. A. (2015). Estimation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 7(2), 55-9.

7. Germano, M. P., De Pasquale, R., D'angelo, V., Catania, S., Silvari, V., & Costa, C. (2002). Evaluation of extracts and isolated fraction from Capparis spinosa L. buds as an antioxidant source. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 50(5), 1168-1171.

8. GHORBANLI, M. L., BAKHSHI, K. G. R., & Bakand, Z. (2008). Air pollution effects on fresh and dry weight, amount of proline, number of stomata, trichome and epi-dermal cells in Nerium oleander and Robinia pseudoacacia in Tehran city.

9. Lahare, R. P., Yadav, H. S., Bisen, Y. K., & Dashahre, A. K. (2021). Estimation of total phenol, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid content in different extracts of Catharanthus roseus from Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. Scholars Bulletin, 7(1), 1-6.

10. Oderinde, R. A., & Oladimeji, G. R. (1990). Oil characteristics of Thevitia peruviana (yellow oleander) and Plumeria alba (white frangipani).

11. Patani, A., Balram, D., Yadav, V. K., Lian, K. Y., Patel, A., & Sahoo, D. K. (2023). Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1271521.

12. Procházková, D., Boušová, I., & Wilhelmová, N. (2011). Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of flavonoids. Fitoterapia, 82(4), 513-523.

13. Rajhans, S., Pandya, J., Mankad, A. U., & Pandya, H. A. (2019). Thevetia peruviana-A Review on Its Characteristic Features and Toxic Constituents. International Journal of Scientific Research and Review, 8(3), 1391-1395.

14. Riar, J. K., Bhanot, R., & Hundal, S. S. (2021). Assessment of heavy metals in samples of soil, water, vegetables, and vital organs of rat (Bandicota bengalensis) collected from adjoining areas of polluted water body. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 232(7), 251.

15. Seetharaman, S., Indra, V., Sundar, N., & Geetha, S. (2017). Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial activity and antioxidant potential of Cascabela thevetia (L.) whole plant extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 93-97.

16. Somawathi, K. M., Rizliya, V., Wijesinghe, D. G. N. G., & Madhujith, W. M. T. (2015). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of different skin coloured brinjal (Solanum melongena). Tropical Agricultural Research, 26(1).

17. Soni, P., Mahendru, N., Dimri, R., Hamdy, R., Jena, N., & Kumar, S. (2024). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Cascabela thevetia fruits. Biological Archives, 1.

18. Yadav, P., Kumar, A., Mahour, K., & Vihan, V. S. (2010). Phytochemical analysis of some indigenous plants potent against endoparasite. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 1(1), 56-59.

19. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.